This paper classifies and presents several anti-debugging techniques used on Windows NT-based operating systems. Anti-debugging techniques are ways for a program to detect if it runs under control of a debugger. They are used by commercial executable protectors, packers and malicious software, to prevent or slow-down the process of reverse-engineering. We’ll suppose the program is analyzed under a ring3 debugger, such as OllyDbg on Windows platforms. The paper is aimed towards reverse-engineers and malware analysts. Note that we will talk purely about generic anti-debugging and anti-tracing techniques. Specific debugger detection, such as window or processes enumeration, registry scanning, etc. will not be addressed here.

[1] Intro

This paper classifies and presents several anti-debugging techniques used on Windows NT-based operating systems.
Anti-debugging techniques are ways for a program to detect if it runs under control of a debugger. They are used by commercial executable protectors, packers and malicious software, to prevent or slow-down the process of reverse-engineering.

We’ll suppose the program is analyzed under a ring3 debugger, such as OllyDbg on Windows platforms. The paper is aimed towards reverse-engineers and malware analysts.
Note that we will talk purely about generic anti-debugging and anti-tracing techniques. Specific debugger detection, such as window or processes enumeration, registry scanning, etc. will not be addressed here.

[2] Anti-debugging and anti-tracing techniques

- Exploiting memory discrepancies

(1) kernel32!IsDebuggerPresent

IsDebuggerPresent returns 1 if the process is being debugged, 0 otherwise. This API simply reads the PEB!BeingDebugged byte-flag (located at offset 2 in the PEB structure).
Circumventing it is as easy as setting PEB!BeingDebugged to 0.
Example:
call IsDebuggerPresent
test eax, eax
jne @DebuggerDetected
…

(2) PEB!IsDebugged

This field refers to the second byte in the Process Environment Block of the process. It is set by the system when the process is debugged.
This byte can be reset to 0 without consequences for the course of execution of the program (it is an informative flag).

Example:
mov eax, fs:[30h]
mov eax, byte [eax+2]
test eax, eax
jne @DebuggerDetected
…

(3) PEB!NtGlobalFlags

When a process is created, the system sets some flags that will define how various APIs will behave for this program. Those flags can be read in the PEB, in the DWORD located at offset 0×68 (see the reference).
By default, different flags are set depending if the process is created under a debugger or not. If the process is debugged, some flags controlling the heap manipulation routines in ntdll will be set: FLG_HEAP_ENABLE_TAIL_CHECK, FLG_HEAP_ENABLE_FREE_CHECK and FLG_HEAP_VALIDATE_PARAMETERS.
This anti-debug can be bypassed by resetting the NtGlobalFlags field.

Example:
mov eax, fs:[30h]
mov eax, [eax+68h]
and eax, 0×70
test eax, eax
jne @DebuggerDetected
…

(4) Heap flags

As explained previously, NtGlobalFlags informs how the heap routines will behave (among other things). Though it is easy to modify the PEB field, if the heap does not behave the same way as it should when the process is not debugged, this could be problematic. It is a powerful anti-debug, as process heaps are numerous, and their chunks can be individually affected by the FLG_HEAP_* flags (such as chunk tails). Heap headers would be affected as well. For instance, checking the field ForceFlags in a heap header (offset 0×10) can be used to detect the presence of a debugger.

There are two easy ways to circumvent it:

• Create a non-debugged process, and attach the debugger once the process has been created (an easy solution is to create the process suspended, run until the entry-point is reached, patch it to an infinite loop, resume the process, attach the debugger, and restore the original entry-point).
• Force the NtGlobalFlags for the process that we want to debug, via the registry key “HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options”: Create a subkey (not value) named as your process name, and under this subkey, a String value “GlobalFlags” set to nothing.

Example:
mov eax, fs:[30h]
mov eax, [eax+18h] ;process heap
mov eax, [eax+10h] ;heap flags
test eax, eax
jne @DebuggerDetected
…

(5) Vista anti-debug (no name)

Here’s an anti-debug specific to Windows Vista that I found by comparing memory dumps of a program running with and without control of a debugger. I’m not sure of its realiability, but it’s worth mentionning (tested on Windows Vista 32 bits, SP0, English version).

When a process is debugged, its main thread TEB, at offset 0xBFC, contains a pointer to a unicode string referencing a system dll. Moreover, the string follows this pointer (therefore, located at offset 0xC00 in the TEB). If the process is not debugged, the pointer is set to NULL and the string is not present.

Example:
call GetVersion
cmp al, 6
jne @NotVista
push offset _seh
push dword fs:[0]
mov fs:[0], esp
mov eax, fs:[18h] ; teb
add eax, 0BFCh
mov ebx, [eax] ; pointer to a unicode string
test ebx, ebx ; (ntdll.dll, gdi32.dll,…)
je @DebuggerNotFound
sub ebx, eax ; the unicode string follows the
sub ebx, 4 ; pointer
jne @DebuggerNotFound
;debugger detected if it reaches this point
;…

- Exploiting system discrepancies

(1) NtQueryInformationProcess

ntdll!NtQueryInformationProcess is a wrapper around the ZwQueryInformationProcess syscall. Its prototype is the following:

NTSYSAPI NTSTATUS NTAPI NtQueryInformationProcess(
IN HANDLE ProcessHandle,
IN PROCESS_INFORMATION_CLASS ProcessInformationClass,
OUT PVOID ProcessInformation,
IN ULONG ProcessInformationLength,
OUT PULONG ReturnLength
);

When called with ProcessInformationClass set to 7 (ProcessDebugPort constant), the system will set ProcessInformation to -1 if the process is debugged.
It is a powerful anti-debug, and there is no easy way to circumvent it. However, if the program is traced, ProcessInformation can be modified when the syscall returns.

Another solution is to use a system driver that would hook the ZwNtQueryInformationProcess syscall.
Circumventing NtQueryInformationProcess will bypass many anti-debug techniques (such as CheckRemoteDebuggerPresent or UnhandledExceptionFilter).

Example:
push 0
push 4
push offset isdebugged
push 7 ;ProcessDebugPort
push -1
call NtQueryInformationProcess
test eax, eax
jne @ExitError
cmp isdebugged, 0
jne @DebuggerDetected
…

(2) kernel32!CheckRemoteDebuggerPresent

This API takes two parameters: a process handle, and a pointer to a DWORD. If the call is successful, the DWORD value will be set to 1 if the process is being debugged.
Internally, this API calls ntdll!NtQueryInformationProcess with ProcessInformationClass set to ProcessDebugPort (7).

Example:
push offset isdebugged
push -1
call CheckRemoteDebuggerPresent
test eax, eax
jne @DebuggerDetected
…

(3) UnhandledExceptionFilter

When an exception occurs, with Windows XP SP>=2, Windows 2003, and Windows Vista, the usual way the OS processes the exception is:

- If any, pass control to the per-process Vectored Exception Handlers.
- If the exception is not processed, pass the control to the per-thread top SEH handler, pointed by FS:[0] in the thread that generated the exception. SEH are chained and called in turn if the exception is not processed by the previous in the chain.
- If the exception has not been processed by any of the previous handlers, the final SEH handler (set by the system), will call kernel32!UnhandledExceptionFilter. This function will decide what it should do depending if the process is debugged or not.
- If it is not debugged, it will call the user-defined filter function (set via kernel32!SetUnhandledExceptionFilter).
- If it debugged, the program will be terminated.

The debugger detection in UnhandledExceptionFilter is made with ntdll!NtQueryInformationProcess.

Example:
push @not_debugged
call SetUnhandledExceptionFilter
xor eax, eax
mov eax, dword [eax] ; trigger exception
;program terminated if debugged
;…
@not_debugged:
;process the exception
;continue the execution
;…

(4) NtSetInformationThread
ntdll!NtSetInformationThread is a wrapper around the ZwSetInformationThread syscall. Its prototype is the following:
NTSYSAPI NTSTATUS NTAPI NtSetInformationThread(
IN HANDLE ThreadHandle,
IN THREAD_INFORMATION_CLASS ThreadInformationClass,
IN PVOID ThreadInformation,
IN ULONG ThreadInformationLength
);

When called with ThreadInformationClass set to 0×11 (ThreadHideFromDebugger constant), the thread will be detached from the debugger.

Similarly to ZwQueryInformationProcess, circumventing this anti-debug requires either modifying ZwSetInformationThread parameters before it’s called, or hooking the syscall directly with the use of a kernel driver.

Example:
push 0
push 0
push 11h ;ThreadHideFromDebugger
push -2
call NtSetInformationThread
;thread detached if debugged
;…

(5) kernel32!CloseHandle and NtClose

APIs making user of the ZwClose syscall (such as CloseHandle, indirectly) can be used to detect a debugger. When a process is debugged, calling ZwClose with an invalid handle will generate a STATUS_INVALID_HANDLE (0xC0000008) exception.

As with all anti-debugs that rely on information made directly available from the kernel (therefore involving a syscall), the only proper way to bypass the “CloseHandle” anti-debug is to either modify the syscall data from ring3, before it is called, or set up a kernel hook.

This anti-debug, though extremely powerful, does not seem to be widely used by malicious programs.

Example:
push offset @not_debugged
push dword fs:[0]
mov fs:[0], esp
push 1234h ;invalid handle
call CloseHandle
; if fall here, process is debugged
;…
@not_debugged:
;…

(6) Self-debugging

A process can detect it is being debugged by trying to debug itself, for instance by creating a new process, and calling kernel32!DebugActiveProcess(pid) on the parent process.

In turn, this API calls ntdll!DbgUiDebugActiveProcess which will call the syscall ZwDebugActiveProcess. If the process is already debugged, the syscall fails. Note that retrieving the parent process PID can be done with the toolhelp32 APIs (field th32ParentProcessID in the PROCESSENTRY32 structure.

(7) Kernel-mode timers

kernel32!QueryPerformanceCounter is an efficent anti-debug. This API calls ntdll!NtQueryPerformanceCounter which wraps the ZwQueryPerformanceCounter syscall.

Again, there is no easy way to circumvent this anti-tracing trick.

(8) User-mode timers

An API such as kernel32!GetTickCount returns the number of milliseconds ellapsed since the system started. The interesting thing is that it does not make use of kernel-related service to perform its duties. A user-mode process has this counter mapped in its address space. For 8Gb user-mode spaces, the value returned would be:

d[0x7FFE0000] * d[0x7FFE0004] / (2^24)

(9) kernel32!OutputDebugStringA

This anti-debug is quite original, I have encountered it only once, in files packed with ReCrypt v0.80. The trick consists of calling OutputDebugStringA, with a valid ASCII string. If the program is run under control of a debugger, the return value will be the address of the string passed as a parameter. In normal conditions, the return value should be 1.

Example:
xor eax, eax
push offset szHello
call OutputDebugStringA
cmp eax, 1
jne @DebuggerDetected
…

(10) Ctrl-C

When a console program is debugged, a Ctrl-C signal will throw a EXCEPTION_CTL_C exception, whereas the signal handler would be called directly is the program is not debugged.

Example:
push offset exhandler
push 1
call RtlAddVectoredExceptionHandler
push 1
push sighandler
call SetConsoleCtrlHandler
push 0
push CTRL_C_EVENT
call GenerateConsoleCtrlEvent
push 10000
call Sleep
push 0
call ExitProcess
exhandler:
;check if EXCEPTION_CTL_C, if it is,
;debugger detected, should exit process
;…
sighandler:
;continue
;…

- CPU anti-debug

(1) Rogue Int3

This is a classic anti-debug to fool weak debuggers. It consists of inserting an INT3 opcode in the middle of a valid sequence of instructions. When the INT3 is executed, if the program is not debugged, control will be given to the exception handler of the protection and execution will continue.

As INT3 instructions are used by debuggers to set software breakpoints, inserting INT3 opcodes can be used to trick the debugger into believing that it is one his breakpoints. Therefore, the control would not be given to the exception handler, and the course of the program would be modified. Debuggers should track where they set software breakpoints to avoid falling for this one.

Similarly, note that INT3 may be encoded as 0xCD, 0×03.

Example:
push offset @handler
push dword fs:[0]
mov fs:[0], esp
;…
db 0CCh
;if fall here, debugged
;…
@handler:
;continue execution
;…

(2) “Ice” Breakpoint

The so-called “Ice breakpoint” is one of Intel’s undocumented instruction, opcode 0xF1. It is used to detect tracing programs.

Executing this instruction will generate a SINGLE_STEP exception. Therefore, if the program is already traced, the debugger will think it is the normal exception generated by executing the instruction with the SingleStep bit set in the Flags registers. The associated exception handler won’t be executed, and execution will not continue as expected.
Bypassing this trick is easy: one can run over the instruction, instead and single-stepping on it. The exception will be generated, but since the program is not traced, the debugger should understand that it has to pass control to the exception handler.

Example:
push offset @handler
push dword fs:[0]
mov fs:[0], esp
;…
db 0F1h
;if fall here, traced
;…
@handler:
;continue execution
;…

(3) Interrupt 2Dh

Executing this interrupt if the program is not debugged will raise a breakpoint exception. If the program is debugged, and the instruction is not executed with the trace flag, no exception will be generated, and execution will carry on normally. If the program is debugged and the instruction traced, the following byte will be skipped, and execution will continue. Therefore, using INT 2Dh can be used as a powerful anti-debug and anti-tracer mechanism.
Example:
push offset @handler
push dword fs:[0]
mov fs:[0], esp
;…
db 02Dh
mov eax, 1 ;anti-tracing
;…
@handler:
;continue execution
;…

(4) Timestamp counters

High precision counters, storing the current number of CPU cycles executed since the machine started, can be queried with the RDTSC instruction. Classic anti-debugs consist of measuring time deltas at key points in the program, usually around exception handlers. If the delta is too large, that would mean the program runs under control of a debugger (processing the exception in the debugger, and giving control back to the debuggee is a lengthy task).

Example:
push offset handler
push dword ptr fs:[0]
mov fs:[0],esp
rdtsc
push eax
xor eax, eax
div eax ;trigger exception
rdtsc
sub eax, [esp] ;ticks delta
add esp, 4
pop fs:[0]
add esp, 4
cmp eax, 10000h ;threshold
jb @not_debugged
@debugged:
…
@not_debugged:
…
handler:
mov ecx, [esp+0Ch]
add dword ptr [ecx+0B8h], 2 ;skip div
xor eax, eax
ret

(5) Popf and the trap flag

The trap flag, located in the Flags register, controls the tracing of a program. If this flag is set, executing an instruction will also raise a SINGLE_STEP exception. The trap flag can be manipulated in order to thwart tracers. For instance, this sequence of instructions will set the trap flag:

pushf
mov dword [esp], 0×100
popf

If the program is being traced, this will have no real effect on the flags register, and the debugger will process the exception, believing it comes from regular tracing. The exception handler won’t be executed. Circumventing this anti-tracer trick simply require to run over the pushf instruction.

(6) Stack Segment register

Here’s a very original anti-tracer. I encountered it in a packer called MarCrypt. I believe it is not widely known, not to mention, used.
It consists of tracing over this sequence of instructions:

push ss
pop ss
pushf
nop

When tracing over pop ss, the next instruction will be executed but the debugger will not break on it, therefore stopping on the following instruction (NOP in this case).
Marcrypt uses this anti-debug the following way:

push ss
; junk
pop ss
pushf
; junk
pop eax
and eax, 0×100
or eax, eax
jnz @debugged
; carry on normal execution

The trick here is that, if the debugger is tracing over that sequence of instructions, popf will be excuted implicitly, and the debugger will not be able to unset the trapflag in the pushed value on the stack. The protection checks for the trap flag and terminates the program if it’s found.
One simple way to circumvent this anti-tracing is to breakpoint on popf and run the program (to avoid using the TF flag).

(7) Debug registers manipulation

Debug registers (DR0 through DR7) are used to set hardware breakpoints. A protection can manipulate them to either detect that hardware breakpoints have been set (and therefore, that it is being debugged), reset them or set them to particular values used to perform code checks later. A packer such as tElock makes use of the debug registers to prevent reverse-engineers from using them.
From a user-mode perspective, debug registers cannot be set using the privileged ‘mov drx, …’ instruction. Other ways exist:

- An exception can be generated, the thread context modified (it contains the CPU registers at the time the exception was thrown), and then resumed to normal execution with the new context.

- The other way is to use the NtGetContextThread and NtSetContextThread syscalls (available in kernel32 with GetThreadContext and SetThreadContext).

Most protectors use the first, “unofficial” way.

Example:
push offset handler
push dword ptr fs:[0]
mov fs:[0],esp
xor eax, eax
div eax ;generate exception
pop fs:[0]
add esp, 4
;continue execution
;…
handler:
mov ecx, [esp+0Ch] ;skip div
add dword ptr [ecx+0B8h], 2 ;skip div
mov dword ptr [ecx+04h], 0 ;clean dr0
mov dword ptr [ecx+08h], 0 ;clean dr1
mov dword ptr [ecx+0Ch], 0 ;clean dr2
mov dword ptr [ecx+10h], 0 ;clean dr3
mov dword ptr [ecx+14h], 0 ;clean dr6
mov dword ptr [ecx+18h], 0 ;clean dr7
xor eax, eax
ret

(8) Context modification

As with debug registers manipulation, the context can also be used to modify in an unconventionnal way the execution stream of a program. Debuggers can get easily confused!
Note that another syscall, NtContinue, can be used to load a new context in the current thread (for instance, this syscall is used by the exception handler manager).

- Uncategorized anti-debug

(1) TLS-callback

This anti-debug was not so well-known a few years ago. It consists to instruct the PE loader that the first entry point of the program is referenced in a Thread Local Storage entry (10th directory entry number in the PE optional header). By doing so, the program entry-point won’t be executed first. The TLS entry can then perform anti-debug checks in a stealthy way.
Note that in practice, this technique is not widely used.
Though older debuggers (including OllyDbg) are not TLS-aware, counter-measures are quite easy to take, by the means of plugins of custom patcher tools.

(2) CC scanning

A common protection feature used by packers is the CC-scanning loop, aimed at detecting software breakpoints set by a debugger. If you want to avoid that kind of troubles, you may want to use either hardware breakpoints or a custom type of software breakpoint. CLI (0xFA) is a good candidate to replace the classic INT3 opcode. This instruction does have the requirements for the job: it raises a privileged instruction exception if executed by a ring3 program, and occupies only 1 byte of space.

(3) EntryPoint RVA set to 0

Some packed files have their entry point RVA set to 0, which means they will start executing ‘MZ…’ which corresponds to ‘dec ebx / pop edx …’.

This is not an anti-debug trick in itself, but can be annoying if you want to break on the entry-point by using a software breakpoint.

If you create a suspended process, then set an INT3 at RVA 0, you will erase part of the magic MZ value (’M'). The magic was checked when the process was created, but it will get checked again by ntdll when the process is resumed (in the hope of reaching the entry-point). In that case, an INVALID_IMAGE_FORMAT exception will be raised.

If you create your own tracing or debugging tool, you will want to use hardware breakpoint to avoid this problem.

[3] Conclusion

Knowing anti-debugging and anti-tracing techniques (un)commonly used by malware or protectors is useful knowledge for a reverse-engineer. A program will always have ways to find it is run in a debugger - the same applies for virtual or emulated environments, but since ring3 debuggers are some of the most common analysis tools used, knowing common tricks, and how to bypass them, will always prove useful.

[4] Links

MSDN
Portable Executable Tutorial, Matt Pietrek
Syscall Reference, The Metasploit Project
Undocumented Functions for MS Windows NT/2K
Intel Manuals

• Common exception codes - Microsoft Windows SDK, ntdll.h
• Status codes list (including common exception codes) - Microsoft Windows DDK, ntstatus.h
• Context Structures documentation - Microsoft Windows SDK, ntdll.h

[5] Data reference

- CONTEXT structure for IA32 processors
struct CONTEXT_IA32
{
// ContextFlags must be set to the appropriate CONTEXT_* flag
// before calling (Set|Get)ThreadContext
DWORD ContextFlags;

// CONTEXT_DEBUG_REGISTERS (not included in CONTEXT_FULL)
DWORD Dr0; // 04h
DWORD Dr1; // 08h
DWORD Dr2; // 0Ch
DWORD Dr3; // 10h
DWORD Dr6; // 14h
DWORD Dr7; // 18h

// CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT
FLOATING_SAVE_AREA FloatSave;

// CONTEXT_SEGMENTS
DWORD SegGs; // 88h
DWORD SegFs; // 90h
DWORD SegEs; // 94h
DWORD SegDs; // 98h

// CONTEXT_INTEGER
DWORD Edi; // 9Ch
DWORD Esi; // A0h
DWORD Ebx; // A4h
DWORD Edx; // A8h
DWORD Ecx; // ACh
DWORD Eax; // B0h

// CONTEXT_CONTROL
DWORD Ebp; // B4h
DWORD Eip; // B8h
DWORD SegCs; // BCh (must be sanitized)
DWORD EFlags; // C0h
DWORD Esp; // C4h
DWORD SegSs; // C8h

// CONTEXT_EXTENDED_REGISTERS (processor-specific)
BYTE ExtendedRegisters[MAXIMUM_SUPPORTED_EXTENSION];
};

- Process Environment Block structure (from The Wine Project)
struct PEB
{
BOOLEAN InheritedAddressSpace; // 00
BOOLEAN ReadImageFileExecOptions; // 01
BOOLEAN BeingDebugged; // 02
BOOLEAN SpareBool; // 03
HANDLE Mutant; // 04
HMODULE ImageBaseAddress; // 08
PPEB_LDR_DATA LdrData; // 0c
RTL_UPROCESS_PARAMETERS *ProcessParameters; // 10
PVOID SubSystemData; // 14
HANDLE ProcessHeap; // 18
PRTL_CRITICAL_SECTION FastPebLock; // 1c
PVOID /*PPEBLOCKROUTI*/ FastPebLockRoutine; // 20
PVOID /*PPEBLOCKROUTI*/ FastPebUnlockRoutine; // 24
ULONG EnvironmentUpdateCount; // 28
PVOID KernelCallbackTable; // 2c
PVOID EventLogSection; // 30
PVOID EventLog; // 34
PVOID /*PPEB_FREE_BLO*/ FreeList; // 38
ULONG TlsExpansionCounter; // 3c
PRTL_BITMAP TlsBitmap; // 40
ULONG TlsBitmapBits[2]; // 44
PVOID ReadOnlySharedMemoryBase; // 4c
PVOID ReadOnlySharedMemoryHeap; // 50
PVOID *ReadOnlyStaticServerData; // 54
PVOID AnsiCodePageData; // 58
PVOID OemCodePageData; // 5c
PVOID UnicodeCaseTableData; // 60
ULONG NumberOfProcessors; // 64
ULONG NtGlobalFlag; // 68
BYTE Spare2[4]; // 6c
LARGE_INTEGER CriticalSectionTimeout; // 70
ULONG HeapSegmentReserve; // 78
ULONG HeapSegmentCommit; // 7c
ULONG HeapDeCommitTotalFreeTh; // 80
ULONG HeapDeCommitFreeBlockTh; // 84
ULONG NumberOfHeaps; // 88
ULONG MaximumNumberOfHeaps; // 8c
PVOID *ProcessHeaps; // 90
PVOID GdiSharedHandleTable; // 94
PVOID ProcessStarterHelper; // 98
PVOID GdiDCAttributeList; // 9c
PVOID LoaderLock; // a0
ULONG OSMajorVersion; // a4
ULONG OSMinorVersion; // a8
ULONG OSBuildNumber; // ac
ULONG OSPlatformId; // b0
ULONG ImageSubSystem; // b4
ULONG ImageSubSystemMajorVersion; // b8
ULONG ImageSubSystemMinorVersion; // bc
ULONG ImageProcessAffinityMask; // c0
ULONG GdiHandleBuffer[34]; // c4
ULONG PostProcessInitRoutine; // 14c
PRTL_BITMAP TlsExpansionBitmap; // 150
ULONG TlsExpansionBitmapBits[32]; // 154
ULONG SessionId; // 1d4
};

- Thread Environment Block structure (from The Wine Project)
struct TEB
{
NT_TIB Tib; // 000 Info block
PVOID EnvironmentPointer; // 01c
CLIENT_ID ClientId; // 020 PID,TID
PVOID ActiveRpcHandle; // 028
PVOID ThreadLocalStoragePointer; // 02c
PEB *Peb; // 030
DWORD LastErrorValue; // 034
ULONG CountOfOwnedCriticalSections; // 038
PVOID CsrClientThread; // 03c
PVOID Win32ThreadInfo; // 040
ULONG Win32ClientInfo[0x1f]; // 044
PVOID WOW32Reserved; // 0c0
ULONG CurrentLocale; // 0c4
ULONG FpSoftwareStatusRegister; // 0c8
PVOID SystemReserved1[54]; // 0cc
PVOID Spare1; // 1a4
LONG ExceptionCode; // 1a8
BYTE SpareBytes1[40]; // 1ac
PVOID SystemReserved2[10]; // 1d4
DWORD num_async_io; // 1fc
ULONG_PTR dpmi_vif; // 200
DWORD vm86_pending; // 204
DWORD pad6[309]; // 208
ULONG gdiRgn; // 6dc
ULONG gdiPen; // 6e0
ULONG gdiBrush; // 6e4
CLIENT_ID RealClientId; // 6e8
HANDLE GdiCachedProcessHandle; // 6f0
ULONG GdiClientPID; // 6f4
ULONG GdiClientTID; // 6f8
PVOID GdiThreadLocaleInfo; // 6fc
PVOID UserReserved[5]; // 700
PVOID glDispachTable[280]; // 714
ULONG glReserved1[26]; // b74
PVOID glReserved2; // bdc
PVOID glSectionInfo; // be0
PVOID glSection; // be4
PVOID glTable; // be8
PVOID glCurrentRC; // bec
PVOID glContext; // bf0
ULONG LastStatusValue; // bf4
UNICODE_STRING StaticUnicodeString; // bf8
WCHAR StaticUnicodeBuffer[261]; // c00
PVOID DeallocationStack; // e0c
PVOID TlsSlots[64]; // e10
LIST_ENTRY TlsLinks; // f10
PVOID Vdm; // f18
PVOID ReservedForNtRpc; // f1c
PVOID DbgSsReserved[2]; // f20
ULONG HardErrorDisabled; // f28
PVOID Instrumentation[16]; // f2c
PVOID WinSockData; // f6c
ULONG GdiBatchCount; // f70
ULONG Spare2; // f74
ULONG Spare3; // f78
ULONG Spare4; // f7c
PVOID ReservedForOle; // f80
ULONG WaitingOnLoaderLock; // f84
PVOID Reserved5[3]; // f88
PVOID *TlsExpansionSlots; // f94
};

- NtGlobalFlags
FLG_STOP_ON_EXCEPTION 0×00000001
FLG_SHOW_LDR_SNAPS 0×00000002
FLG_DEBUG_INITIAL_COMMAND 0×00000004
FLG_STOP_ON_HUNG_GUI 0×00000008
FLG_HEAP_ENABLE_TAIL_CHECK 0×00000010
FLG_HEAP_ENABLE_FREE_CHECK 0×00000020
FLG_HEAP_VALIDATE_PARAMETERS 0×00000040
FLG_HEAP_VALIDATE_ALL 0×00000080
FLG_POOL_ENABLE_TAIL_CHECK 0×00000100
FLG_POOL_ENABLE_FREE_CHECK 0×00000200
FLG_POOL_ENABLE_TAGGING 0×00000400
FLG_HEAP_ENABLE_TAGGING 0×00000800
FLG_USER_STACK_TRACE_DB 0×00001000
FLG_KERNEL_STACK_TRACE_DB 0×00002000
FLG_MAINTAIN_OBJECT_TYPELIST 0×00004000
FLG_HEAP_ENABLE_TAG_BY_DLL 0×00008000
FLG_IGNORE_DEBUG_PRIV 0×00010000
FLG_ENABLE_CSRDEBUG 0×00020000
FLG_ENABLE_KDEBUG_SYMBOL_LOAD 0×00040000
FLG_DISABLE_PAGE_KERNEL_STACKS 0×00080000
FLG_HEAP_ENABLE_CALL_TRACING 0×00100000
FLG_HEAP_DISABLE_COALESCING 0×00200000
FLG_VALID_BITS 0×003FFFFF
FLG_ENABLE_CLOSE_EXCEPTION 0×00400000
FLG_ENABLE_EXCEPTION_LOGGING 0×00800000
FLG_ENABLE_HANDLE_TYPE_TAGGING 0×01000000
FLG_HEAP_PAGE_ALLOCS 0×02000000
FLG_DEBUG_WINLOGON 0×04000000
FLG_ENABLE_DBGPRINT_BUFFERING 0×08000000
FLG_EARLY_CRITICAL_SECTION_EVT 0×10000000
FLG_DISABLE_DLL_VERIFICATION 0×80000000

–
Taken from the original location here:
http://www.securityfocus.com/infocus/1893

Technorati Tags: reverse-engineering, debug

Jika kamu termasuk dalam ciri-ciri orang yang kami cari:

• Senang utak-atik kode dengan Codegear (formerly known as Borland) Delphi or C++.
• Mampu membuat VCL component from scratch.
• Familiar dengan XML (XML Schema, DTD)
• Familiar dengan HTML, terutama XHTML 1.0
• Familiar dengan socket programming (eg: Winsock, atau IndySocket)

Jika kamu memiliki ciri-ciri ini akan lebih disukai:

• Mengikuti perkembangan salah satu dari kedua programming language tersebut.
• Familiar dengan UML
• Mampu menggunakan Win32 API
• Familiar dengan software open source seperti Linux, Apache, PHP, MySQL, PostgreSQL, etc.
• Mampu bekerja dengan sistem target.

Kirim email ke recruitment [at] uc.web.id dengan mencantumkan:

• Subyek email: UC-08
• Proyek terbaik yang pernah dikerjakan dan deskripsinya.
• Screenshot program yang pernah dikerjakan.
• Link ke halaman web atau blog (opsional)
• Tempat kamu bekerja sekarang (khusus selain freelancer)
• Alamat dan Nomor handphone atau telepon PSTN.

Email kamu akan kami follow up jika dikirim sebelum 31 Januari 2008 pukul 12.00 siang.

Salam,

Catatan: Jika kamu tidak memenuhi ciri-ciri tersebut, jangan kirim aplikasi.

Technorati Tags: delphi, c++, vacancy

BEDAH BUKU SEPUTAR SOFT-COMPUTING
tgl/hari : selasa, 4 Desember 2007
tempat : Basic Science Center ITB
pukul : 13.00-15.00 WIB

susunan acara:

“Soft-Computing: sebuah bahasa untuk multi-ilmu”
Dr.Anto S. Nugroho (BPPT dan vice president Komunitas Soft Computing Indonesia)

A tribute to Prof. The:
“Fisika dan Komputasi Cerdas”
Prof. The Houw Liong (Fisika Sistem Kompleks, ITB)

BEDAH BUKU:
“Kendali Cerdas: teori dan aplikasinya” karya Son Kuswadi
Penyaji : Dr. Son Kuswadi (Robotics and Automation Based on Biologically Inspired Technology RABBIT, ITS)

Pengulas aspek Kendali:
Dr. Bambang Riyanto (Pakar Sistem Kendali EL-ITB)

Pengulas aspek Cerdas:
Dr.Andriyan B. Suksmono (Pakar Sistem Cerdas EL-ITB dan Dosen Berprestasi Tk Nasional 2007)

Diskusi umum dan tanya jawab

Peserta:
terbuka untuk mahasiswa, pelajar dan umum tanpa dipungut biaya (gratis).

Panitia Bedah buku
Acep Purqon

info lebih lanjut:
acep@fi.itb.ac.id
acep@wriron1.s.kanazawa-u.ac.jp

Technorati Tags: softcomputing

http://www.codegear.com/downloads/regusers/delphi

http://www.codegear.com/downloads/regusers/cppbuilder.

Petunjuk singkat untuk melakukan update bisa dilihat di sini:
http://blogs.codegear.com/davidi/archive/2007/08/09/38067.aspx

Technorati Tags: delphi-2007

Teknologi yang dikembangkan oleh Secured Dimensions, yang diakuisisi oleh Microsoft sejak Januari 2007 lalu itu terdiri dari tiga bagian utama:

1. Code Protector SDK.
   Software development kit yang dilengkapi dengan API, sample, dan antarmuka grafis yang intuitif. SDK ini dapat didownload secara gratis di Microsoft Download Center. Code Protector SDK akan dimasukkan dalam Visual Studio code-named “Orcas:.
2. Software Licensing and Protection Server.
   ISV dapat mengelola license server, membuat license produknya untuk partner mereka. SLP tersedia dalam edisi standard dan enterprise.
3. SLP Online Service.
   Partner dapat mengelola license tanpa memiliki server sendiri. Mulai Oktober ini, semua pelanggan MSDN Premium mendapatkan SLP Online Service Basic edition secara gratis.

Bagaimana cara kerja teknologi ini? Simak selengkapnya di sini:
Microsoft Announces SLP Services to Streamline Software Development and Sales

Baca juga:
Mary Jo Foley: Microsoft to offer code protection, validation to other software developers
Microsoft Software Licensing & Protection Services, SecureLM
Microsoft Software Licensing and Protection Services - Building a Bridge Between Software and Software Business

Technorati Tags: Anti-piracy, WGA, OGA, Activation

VCL for PHP documentation

Untuk mendownload Delphi for PHP Trial version, silakan klik link berikut:

Download Delphi for PHP Trial

Technorati Tags: delphi-for-php

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Saya belum pernah mencoba uninstall Delphi 7 maupun Delphi 2007 dari Windows Vista.

Jika Anda mendapatkan pesan kesalahan berikut ini:

The device is not working properly because Windows cannot load the drivers required for this device (Code 31).

A driver for this device was not required, and has been disabled (Code 32 or Code 31).

Your registry might be corrupted. (Code 19)

Windows successfully loaded the device driver for this hardware but cannot find the hardware device. (Code 41)

Sebaiknya Anda memasang patch untuk Windows Vista di sini:
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx/kb/932246

Technorati Tags: delphi

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CodeGear™ Announces General Availability of Delphi® 2007 for Windows Vista™ and AJAX

Delphi 2007 for Win32 tersedia dalam bahasa Inggris, Jerman, Jepang dan Prancis dan dilepas dengan harga $899 untuk versi Professional, dan $1999 untuk versi Enterprise.

Informasi lengkapnya bisa dilihat di situs resmi Codegear.

http://www.codegear.com/products/delphiwin32.

Technorati Tags: delphi, codegear, borland